《历史的终结及最后的人》围绕着一个核心论点展开:随着冷战的落幕,历史已经终结。福山借鉴黑格尔的辩证法,提出【意识形态的发展已然抵达终点】,自由民主制度的胜利标志着人类政府形态的最终形式,此后不会再出现更优越的制度值得人们争取或奋斗。然而,福山并非盲目乐观。他在书中拓展了“最后的人”(尼采称之为“末人”)的概念——在一个不再有重大政治斗争的世界里,人类会陷入精神空虚、庸俗化,甚至怀念过去充满暴力和冲突的“英雄时代”。
柰看得入神,没有注意到隔壁书房的通话已经结束。
“interested?”(觉得有趣?)
清冷嗓音从门口传来,柰猛合上书,扭头看去。fairchild倚在卧室门框上,偏头望着她,目光扫过她手里的书,噙着温和的淡淡笑意。
她没说话,默默把书放回床头柜。
sterling走近,俯身拿起书,随手翻了几页,抬眸看她:“do
you
think
he
was
right?”(你觉得他说的对吗?)
柰想了片刻,避开对视,但回答了问题。
“you’ve
gotta
distinguish
the
is-ought
problem.
fukuyama
ought
to
be
right,
even
though
he
isn’t.”(你得区别‘应然’和‘实然’。福山理应是对的,即便他实际上是错的。注:这是休谟的“应然实然”的区分,现实存在的未必就是应该存在的,反之亦然。)
sterling呵呵一笑,“‘ought
to
be
right’?
oh
baby,
he’s
just
plain
wrong.”(‘理应是对的?’
哦我的宝贝儿啊,福山错的离谱。)他敲了敲书封,抬眸微狭,钢灰的视线落向窗外,“human
society
has
always
operated
onpetition
and
conquest.
the
laws
of
the
jungle
reign
supreme.
ideologies
can’t
be
classified
into
right
or
wrong.
and
‘the
end
of
history’
is
nothing
more
than
‘the
victor
writes
history’.”(人类社会从来都是靠竞争与征服运转的。丛林法则才是永恒不变的真理。意识形态并不存在所谓的‘对’与‘错’。而‘历史的终结’(即冷战的结束)——不过是‘胜利者书写历史’罢了。)
“you’re
again
confusing
the
is-ought
problem.
just
because
something
is
the
way
it
is,
doesn’t
mean
it
ought
to
remain
so.”(你又在混淆‘应然’和‘实然’了。现实如何,并不代表它理应如此。)她语调很冷淡,“besides,
without
the
protection
of
life,
liberty,
and
property
guaranteed
by
the
rule
of
law
in
liberal
democracies,
your
capitalist
market
would
be
nonexistent.
you,
least
of
all
people,
have
any
right
to
question
liberalism.”(何况,没有自由民主制度下法治(即,任何人都不可凌驾于法律、宪法之上)对生命、财产、自由的保障,你那资本市场根本不可能存在。
你是最没资格质疑自由主义的人。)
sterling一挑眉,低笑出声,“you
still
believe
in
that,
after
this
weekend?”(这周末之后,你还相信这些?)女孩儿恶狠狠乜斜他一眼,他更忍俊不禁,笑叹道:“oh
honey,
as
you
said
on
friday,
structures
of
power
exist
everywhere.
with
or
without
capital.
in
the
society
we
are
in,
market
economy
makes
it
look
like
everyone
stands
chance,
but
the
system
is
rigged
against
the
vast
majority—return
on
capital,
for
example,
benefited
by
the
legal
system,
has
far
outpaced
the
return
on
labor.
in
the
society
you’re
from,
one
doesn’t
even
need
capital
to
attain
power.
besides,
how
would
you
even
begin
evening
the
playing
field,
hm?
people
are
born
with
different
levels
of
capabilities,
intelligence,
drive…those
who
succeed—such
as
yourself—succeed
for
good
reason.”(哎,宝贝儿,你自己周五才说过,权力体系无处不在,无论是否有资本介入。我们所在的这个社会里,自由市场让所有人看似拥有公平竞争的机会,但系统早已对大多数人不公平——比如,法律对资本的保护,使资本回报率远远高于劳动所得的回报率。而在你出生的那个社会里,一个人无需资本也能手握重权。况且,你打算如何让世界更平等,嗯?人和人从出生起就能力不同,有些人聪明,有些人愚笨,有些人勤奋,有些人懒惰,有些人深思,有些人浅薄……那些成功的人——比如你自己——其成功并非偶然的幸运,而是必然的结果。)
“liberal
democracy
was
never
about
the
equalization
of
capabilities,
intelligence,
and
wealth.
it’s
about
the
equity
of
opportunity,
rights,
dignity,
and—”(自由民主制度从来都不是要将人的财富、能力、智力平均化。相反,它指的是人格的平等:人的机遇、尊严、权利与——)她略顿,仿佛被什么东西哽住,眼神一瞬间空了一秒,才低声补完最后一个词:“—and
freedom.”(——与自由。)
她收拾起情绪,抬眸直视他:“‘it
is
my
spirit
that
addresses
your
spirit;
we
stand
at
god’s
feet,
equal—as
we
are!’”(‘我的灵魂与你的灵魂对话;我们穿越坟墓,一同站在上帝面前:我们的灵魂是平等的——本就如此!’)
——《简·爱》
有一瞬,sterling心中几乎生出了些许不忍。但转瞬即逝。他缓缓蹲跪在她面前,与她平视,嗓音温柔平缓,陈述事实,像在纠正一个错的离谱的孩子。
“oh
nelle,
god
is
dead.”(哦,柰儿,上帝已死。)
柰垂下眸,声音几乎微不可闻:“in
front
of
the
law,
then.”(那么我们在法律面前,依旧平等。)
sterling默默望了少女几秒,然后叹口气,立起身,伸手揉了揉她的头。
“i
booked
dinner
for
seven
o’clock.
get
ready.”(我在七点订了晚餐,去准备。)
——————