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纽约客(7)初步举证( seyazhou8.com【H,(2 / 2)

《历史的终结及最后的人》围绕着一个核心论点展开:随着冷战的落幕,历史已经终结。福山借鉴黑格尔的辩证法,提出【意识形态的发展已然抵达终点】,自由民主制度的胜利标志着人类政府形态的最终形式,此后不会再出现更优越的制度值得人们争取或奋斗。然而,福山并非盲目乐观。他在书中拓展了“最后的人”(尼采称之为“末人”)的概念——在一个不再有重大政治斗争的世界里,人类会陷入精神空虚、庸俗化,甚至怀念过去充满暴力和冲突的“英雄时代”。

柰看得入神,没有注意到隔壁书房的通话已经结束。

“interested?”(觉得有趣?)

清冷嗓音从门口传来,柰猛合上书,扭头看去。fairchild倚在卧室门框上,偏头望着她,目光扫过她手里的书,噙着温和的淡淡笑意。

她没说话,默默把书放回床头柜。

sterling走近,俯身拿起书,随手翻了几页,抬眸看她:“do

you

think

he

was

right?”(你觉得他说的对吗?)

柰想了片刻,避开对视,但回答了问题。

“you’ve

gotta

distinguish

the

is-ought

problem.

fukuyama

ought

to

be

right,

even

though

he

isn’t.”(你得区别‘应然’和‘实然’。福山理应是对的,即便他实际上是错的。注:这是休谟的“应然实然”的区分,现实存在的未必就是应该存在的,反之亦然。)

sterling呵呵一笑,“‘ought

to

be

right’?

oh

baby,

he’s

just

plain

wrong.”(‘理应是对的?’

哦我的宝贝儿啊,福山错的离谱。)他敲了敲书封,抬眸微狭,钢灰的视线落向窗外,“human

society

has

always

operated

onpetition

and

conquest.

the

laws

of

the

jungle

reign

supreme.

ideologies

can’t

be

classified

into

right

or

wrong.

and

‘the

end

of

history’

is

nothing

more

than

‘the

victor

writes

history’.”(人类社会从来都是靠竞争与征服运转的。丛林法则才是永恒不变的真理。意识形态并不存在所谓的‘对’与‘错’。而‘历史的终结’(即冷战的结束)——不过是‘胜利者书写历史’罢了。)

“you’re

again

confusing

the

is-ought

problem.

just

because

something

is

the

way

it

is,

doesn’t

mean

it

ought

to

remain

so.”(你又在混淆‘应然’和‘实然’了。现实如何,并不代表它理应如此。)她语调很冷淡,“besides,

without

the

protection

of

life,

liberty,

and

property

guaranteed

by

the

rule

of

law

in

liberal

democracies,

your

capitalist

market

would

be

nonexistent.

you,

least

of

all

people,

have

any

right

to

question

liberalism.”(何况,没有自由民主制度下法治(即,任何人都不可凌驾于法律、宪法之上)对生命、财产、自由的保障,你那资本市场根本不可能存在。

你是最没资格质疑自由主义的人。)

sterling一挑眉,低笑出声,“you

still

believe

in

that,

after

this

weekend?”(这周末之后,你还相信这些?)女孩儿恶狠狠乜斜他一眼,他更忍俊不禁,笑叹道:“oh

honey,

as

you

said

on

friday,

structures

of

power

exist

everywhere.

with

or

without

capital.

in

the

society

we

are

in,

market

economy

makes

it

look

like

everyone

stands

chance,

but

the

system

is

rigged

against

the

vast

majority—return

on

capital,

for

example,

benefited

by

the

legal

system,

has

far

outpaced

the

return

on

labor.

in

the

society

you’re

from,

one

doesn’t

even

need

capital

to

attain

power.

besides,

how

would

you

even

begin

evening

the

playing

field,

hm?

people

are

born

with

different

levels

of

capabilities,

intelligence,

drive…those

who

succeed—such

as

yourself—succeed

for

good

reason.”(哎,宝贝儿,你自己周五才说过,权力体系无处不在,无论是否有资本介入。我们所在的这个社会里,自由市场让所有人看似拥有公平竞争的机会,但系统早已对大多数人不公平——比如,法律对资本的保护,使资本回报率远远高于劳动所得的回报率。而在你出生的那个社会里,一个人无需资本也能手握重权。况且,你打算如何让世界更平等,嗯?人和人从出生起就能力不同,有些人聪明,有些人愚笨,有些人勤奋,有些人懒惰,有些人深思,有些人浅薄……那些成功的人——比如你自己——其成功并非偶然的幸运,而是必然的结果。)

“liberal

democracy

was

never

about

the

equalization

of

capabilities,

intelligence,

and

wealth.

it’s

about

the

equity

of

opportunity,

rights,

dignity,

and—”(自由民主制度从来都不是要将人的财富、能力、智力平均化。相反,它指的是人格的平等:人的机遇、尊严、权利与——)她略顿,仿佛被什么东西哽住,眼神一瞬间空了一秒,才低声补完最后一个词:“—and

freedom.”(——与自由。)

她收拾起情绪,抬眸直视他:“‘it

is

my

spirit

that

addresses

your

spirit;

we

stand

at

god’s

feet,

equal—as

we

are!’”(‘我的灵魂与你的灵魂对话;我们穿越坟墓,一同站在上帝面前:我们的灵魂是平等的——本就如此!’)

——《简·爱》

有一瞬,sterling心中几乎生出了些许不忍。但转瞬即逝。他缓缓蹲跪在她面前,与她平视,嗓音温柔平缓,陈述事实,像在纠正一个错的离谱的孩子。

“oh

nelle,

god

is

dead.”(哦,柰儿,上帝已死。)

柰垂下眸,声音几乎微不可闻:“in

front

of

the

law,

then.”(那么我们在法律面前,依旧平等。)

sterling默默望了少女几秒,然后叹口气,立起身,伸手揉了揉她的头。

“i

booked

dinner

for

seven

o’clock.

get

ready.”(我在七点订了晚餐,去准备。)

——————